Just In Time Inventory essays

Just In Time Inventory essays In today's manufacturing society, one of the most popular ideas that are circulating in the manufacturing industry is the idea of just-in-time manufacturing. There have been various journals, magazines, newspapers, and other published documents that illustrate the actual efforts of companies to develop and implement just-in-time processes. This document will define just-in-time manufacturing; the methods organizations take in implementing the just-in-time process, and the results of this implementation. With this in mind, just-in-time manufacturing is the idea that companies should have manufacturing and purchasing strategies that reduce the time between the beginning of the manufacturing process and shipment to the customer. However, the actual development and implementation of these strategies are of difficult tasks (APCI 1-6) One significant idea about just-in-time manufacturing is throughput time. This is the time between the start of the manufacturing process and the end, where the product is ready to be shipped. Five key elements are involved in throughput time. The first element is processing time, or the time actually spent working on the product. Next is inspection time and moving time. Moving time is simply the amount of time spent moving the product from one production department to another, as well as back and forth from storage areas. The last two elements of throughput time are waiting, or queue, time and storage time. Queue time is the amount of time a product is waiting at a production department before being worked on, while storage time is the amount of time raw materials, finished goods, and works-in-progress actually stay in storage. According to many experts philosophy, the first element, processing time, actually adds value to the product, while the last four key elements do not. Thi s means that value-added activities and non value-added activities exist within this system. JIT manufacturing attempt t...

Using the Spanish Verb Sentir

Using the Spanish Verb Sentir Sentir is a very common verb that typically means to feel. It usually refers to feeling emotions, but it can also refer to physical sensations. The Difference Between Sentir and Sentirse Sentir commonly appears in the reflexive form sentirse. The difference in using sentir and sentirse is that sentir is typically followed by a noun, while sentirse is followed by an adjective or adverb describing how a person feels. Otherwise their meanings are essentially the same. Here are some examples of sentir used to describe emotional feelings: El atleta dijo que sentà ­a alegrà ­a y satisfaccià ³n por el logro del campeonato. (The athlete said he felt joyful and satisfied about attaining the championship.)Siento pena y tristeza por ello. (I feel shameful and sad about it.)Se siente feliz por ser abuela. (She feels happy about being a grandmother.)Me siento enojada y frustrada. (I feel angry and frustrated.) Here are examples of sentir being used with physical sensations. Although in most of these cases you could probably translate sentir as to sense, usually it would be better to translate based on the context: Puedo sentir pasos en la azotea. (I can hear footsteps on the roof.)Él me dijo que sentà ­a olor a muerte. (He told me he smelled death.) When sentirse de refers to a body part, it usually indicates the sensation of pain: Me siento de la cabeza. (I have a headache.) Standing by itself, sentir can indicate sorrow or regret: Lo siento mucho. Im very sorry. Using Sentir in Phrases It is common to use sentir as part of a phrase. Although you may not use feel in the most natural translation, often you can determine the meaning of the phrase from the individual words. Some examples: sentir algo por una persona (to have love or similar feelings for someone): Decirte que ya no siento algo por ti serà ­a mentir. (To say I no longer have feelings for you would be lying.) sentir celos (to be jealous): Cree que sà ³lo sienten celos las personas inseguras. (She believes that only insecure people have jealousy.) sentir culpa, sentirse culpable (to feel guilty): No sentà ­a culpa por lo que acababa de hacer. (He did not feel guilty for what he had just done.) sentir ganas de infinitivo (to feel like doing something): Siento ganas de llorar cuando pienso en el accidente. (I feel like crying when I think about the accident.) sentir que (to be sorry or sad that): Siento que mi color de piel ha cambiado. (I am sad the color of my hair has changed.) hacer sentir (to cause a feeling in someone): A veces nos hacemos adictos a alguien que nos hace sentir bien. (Sometimes we become addicted to someone who makes us feel good.) sin sentir (without being noticed): Tomà © la medicina sin sentir ninguna diferencia en mi vida. (I took the medicine without noticing any difference in my life.) This phrase is sometimes best translated literally:  ¿Cà ³mo es posible que te lo diga sin sentir? (How is it possible that she told you that without any feeling?) Using Sentir as a Noun Sentir also can be used as a noun to refer to feelings or sentiments: El sentir y el pensar son dos funciones de la mente. (Feeling and thinking are two functions of the mind.)El presidente representa el sentir del pueblo. (The president represents the feelings of the people.)Tenà ­a una vida dedicada a la promocià ³n del sentir indà ­gena. (He had a life dedicated to the promotion of indigenous sentiment.)Las almas no nos permitieron matar sin sentir. (Our souls did not allow us to kill unfeelingly.)Entiende muy bien el sentir de la calle. (He understands very well the feelings on the street.) Conjugation of Sentir Keep in mind that sentir  is irregularly conjugated. When it is stressed, the sent- of the stem changes to sient-, as in siento, I feel. And in some but not all forms, the stem changes to sint-, as in sintià ³, he or she felt. Unfortunately, this second stem change doesnt occur in a predictable way. The conjugation pattern is shared by about three dozen other verbs. Among them are consentir (to allow), convertir (to change), mentir (to lie), and preferir (to prefer). Also, the conjugated forms of sentir overlap with those of sentar, which means to sit. For example, siento can mean either I feel or I sit. This overlap is seldom a problem because the two verbs are used in such different contexts. Key Takeaways Sentir is a common Spanish verb that typically means to feel, especially in an emotional or mental sense.There is usually little difference in meaning between sentir and its reflexive form, sentirse.Sentir is conjugated irregularly in that its stem sometimes changes to sient- or sint-.

Russian - Ukrainian relations since 1991 Essay

Russian - Ukrainian relations since 1991 - Essay Example The most significant new states resulting from the break-up of the Soviet Union are unquestionably Russia and Ukraine. Referred to as the â€Å"big two†, Russia’s population at the time of the break-up was at 150 million while Ukraine’s population was at 50 million. More importantly, Ukraine is the second largest post-Soviet state after Russia. As Ukraine seeks to establish itself as an independent nation and to forge ties with Western powers, Russia is determined to establish itself as an empire and is therefore focused on obtaining and sustaining both regional and international power. Arguably, there is an underlying ideology that fuels Russia’s drive to obtain and sustain regional and international power. From the perspective of the Russian Nationalist, Russia maintains a separate identity from the West and Ukraine provides the border between the West and Russia. Therefore, looked at from the Russian nationalist perspective, it is not possible for Ukraine to exist as a state independent of Russia. This research study argues that this is the principle theme underlying Russia’s foreign policy and is also the main source of tension in the relationship between Russia and Ukraine since 1991. In order to substantiate this argument, this paper is divided into three main parts. The first part of this paper describes the events leading up to the break-up of the Soviet Union and how those events left Russian-Ukrainian relations in 1991 at the start of the post-Soviet era. The second part of this research study analyses Russia’s foreign policy after 1991. ... ..16 B. The Orange Revolution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...21 C. Relations During Yuschenko and Tymoshenko’s Administration..24 D. The Return of Yanukovich:the Sevastopol Deal and Energy Supplies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..29 V. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.34 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...36 I. Introduction The most significant new states resulting from the break-up of the Soviet Union are unquestionably Russia and Ukraine. Referred to as the â€Å"big two†, Russia’s population at the time of the break-up was at 150 million while Ukraine’s population was at 50 million.5 More importantly, Ukraine is the second largest post-Soviet state after Russia.6 As Ukraine seeks to establish itself as an independent nation and to forge ties with Western powers, Russia is determined to establish itself as an empire and is therefore focused on obtaining and sustaining both regional and international power.7 Arguably, there is an underlying ideology that fuels Russia’s drive to obtain and sustain regional and international power. From the perspective of the Russian Nationalist, Russia maintains a separate identity from the West and Ukraine provides the border between the West and Russia. Therefore, looked at from the Russian nationalist perspective, it is not possible for Ukraine to exist as a state independent of Russia.8 This research study argues that this is the principle theme underlying Russia ’s foreign policy and is also the main source of tension in the relationship between Russia and Ukraine since 1991. In order to substantiate this argument, this paper is divided into

Pharmacology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pharmacology - Assignment Example Potential issues in the system in which a mistake could be made includes staff not understanding the orders given. This could lead to patients being given the incorrect drugs, which could means disastrous effects to the health of the patient. This however can be prevented by an RN through double checking drugs that are of high alert through making independent calculations. Medications referred to as high-alert drugs are those that have a very high chance of causing disastrous effects on the patients when used in error. In addition, the RN could take their time off in between rechecking the calculations. This will give them time to relax and recheck the drugs when they are not fatigued to ensure they take the correct orders. There is a significant effect of food on drugs prescribed by health professionals to their patients. Food might have an effect on the extent and rate of absorption of the drugs particularly after oral administration (McLachlan & Ramzan, 2006). Being able to fully comprehend what kind of effect food has on different types of medicines helps health professionals be able to give patients the correct advice of whether to take the medicines with food or not. Generally, taking food together with medicine usually delays absorption of the drugs; nevertheless, the effect depends on the drug, the kind of food and its formulation. There are those drugs that come with strict guidelines of whether they should be taken with meals or not. Food especially that has high fat content usually slows down the emptying of the gastric, which might delay absorption of the drug. This means that if there is a delay of the drug going to the small intestine absorption into the systemic circulation becomes difficult. The effect food has is determined by the pharmacokinetic and physicochemical features of the drug (McLachlan & Ramzan, 2006). An example is the antiretroviral drug saquinavir, which is very poor in dissolving in water; therefore health professionals advice t heir patients to take it with food in order to allow enhancement of bile to dissolve it aiding absorption. Absorption of saquinavir works much better after having a heavy breakfast; taking it on an empty stomach could result to therapeutic failure. Food also has an effect of drug toxicity especially when they are mixed. For example, when it comes to blood pressure and MAO inhibitors drugs, taking them with chocolate or peanut butter could be disastrous (American heart organization, 2013). Other foods like grapefruit also interfere with certain prescription drugs and therefore should not be taken with drugs meant to lower blood pressure. This is because grapefruit juice can lead to an increase of the medicines in the body causing negative side effects. When it comes to timing of meals, there is also an effect especially when comes to foods containing dairy products. Dairy products contain calcium and minerals which when taken with some certain medicines reduce absorption into the blo od from the gut. Therefore, this can only be prevented by time spacing. Patients are advised to take dairy products an hour before or some two hours after taking the medication. Patient aged 42 years is suffering from high blood pressure and is put under blood pressure medication. The doctor has prescribed

Should Exams Be Abolished Essay Example for Free

Should Exams Be Abolished Essay According to a recent survey of â€Å"Education Newspaper†, what cause students to be frightened the most is â€Å"exams†. Some students say that the exams should be abolished because they make students absolutely anxious and stressful. However, the exams play an important role in school’s life and also have many advantages. So I believe that the exams should not be abolished because of some reasons. The most important reason is that exams are a method to examine students’ level and .Depending on results of exams; teachers can determine how students acquire knowledge. If marks are from 7-10 that mean students apprehend well the content of subjects, teachers will give them some difficult exercises to help students develop their creation. On the other hand, if marks are below 7 that mean students don’t understand clearly the subjects. In addition, after doing exams, students can know more about their knowledge. Students will determine what are weak points, where are the holes in their knowledge. From these, students review these parts in order not to puzzle when do them later Another reason is that exams make students to study harder. Some fast or mini exams will force students to attend the classes frequently.Some teachers don’t want to remind when students have mini exams. Any time teachers see some interesting exercises, teachers will gives students do those which are like mini tests. If students don’t attend class those days, they will lose one or two column marks, which make their mid-term results low It’s true that exams make students stressful and anxious. Some students say that when exams come near, they have to cram a lot of lesson in short time, which make them exhaust. That is the reason why students wish exams would be abolished. However, these pressures aren’t caused by exams but students. During the studying, students should take note the main points of each subject and review after classes. And when they have exams, they just read again but can remember the important information. They no longer feel stressful in order to cram the lessons. Moreover, if there are no the exams, how can students examine their levels? They study more and more, but they don’t know what the destinations are and how many percents they apprehend the knowledge after studying. As the result, they feel vague and bored. In the end, students’ studying will not be effective if there are no exams. Although they make students absolutely anxious, they  shouldn’t be abolished.

Cosquer Cave :: Anthropology Research Papers

Cosquer Cave Around 27,000 years ago it is believed that large glaciers were spread across the Alps. These glaciers were so large and held such a large quantity of water that the sea level of the Mediterranean dropped some 100 meters. When the opening of the cave was revealed, men entered the cave and drew amazing paintings and drawings along the walls. When the earth became warm again the glaciers melted, and the sea level rose. The cave entrance was once again covered up by 37 meters of water. (Time Travellers†¦) This cave was hidden for thousands of years until 1985, when scuba diver Henri Cosquer discovered the cave entrance. It is some 110 feet below sea level on Cabo Morgiou, which is near Marseille, in the southern part of France. It led him through a 450 feet long sloping tunnel to a large air-filled chamber. When Henri returned in 1991 to the dark chamber, he noticed a handprint on the cave wall. Soon he noticed many handprints. When Henri returned with other explorers, they searched and found artwork and many pictograph and petroglyphs. (Dawn of Prehistoric.) After doing radiocarbon dating, explorers discovered that the first handprint Cosquer found was 27,000 years old. At the time, it was the oldest date for a cave painting known anywhere. With more searching, charcoal was found and dated as being 27,870 to 26,360 years old. The gap in the dating leads explorers to believe that the cave was in disuse during the gap between the dates. (Dawn of Prehistoric†¦) Radiocarbon dating done on the paintings and drawings of the animals has lead prehistorians to believe these works are between 18,500 and 19,000 years old. Of the hundred animal images, horses are nearly one-third of the drawings. Many of the horses only show the heads, while some represent the entire body of the animal. Other animal paintings include ibexes, chamois and some bison. (The Cosquer Cave) A surprise to many of the explorers were the paintings of sea animals. Although sea level was around 360 feet lower then the cave entrance, and the cave entrance was only a couple kilometers from shore. Jean Clottes and Jean Courtin, two prehistorians, said: ‘One of the most delightful surprises of the Cosquer cave was its depiction of sea animals. A few paintings and engravings of saltwater fish are known in Upper Paleolithic cave art, but drawings that look like seals had so far only been recorded in two cave, at La Pileta and at Nerja in Andalusia.

Contemporary society Essay

Perhaps the most poignant criticism of the societies in these two novels is the violation of the principals and mores of modern society. In â€Å"The Wars†, death and injury becomes common place, and stopping to help a fellow soldier is not always permitted. â€Å"That was the rule. No one went back- even for a dying comrade. Only someone wounded could stay with another wounded man†¦ No one spoke. The dead all lay with their faces in the mud or turned to the walls of the trench. This was the only way they could be told apart from the wounded.† (Findley 118) More difficult to accept that this apathetic view of death is the enthusiasm that some of the soldiers in â€Å"The Wars† felt for the war and the destruction it caused. After being rained on with shells, having a close brush with death, â€Å"a bright young man with popping eyes turned to Robert and gushed at him: ‘Isn’t it marvellous!’ † Privacy is nearly impossible for ordinary soldiers. While on the boat, going to England the men â€Å"were cramped into spaces meant to hold a quarter of their number†¦ The make shift latrines and showers were virtually open forums where privacy was unheard of†¦ Up in the first class accommodations, the officers were somewhat better off.† (Findley 56-7) This also shows another disadvantage soldiers face that their superiors do not. Sexual abuse is seemingly common and goes unpunished in the novel. Four men rape Robert while his is in a changing stall at Asile Desolà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. â€Å"His assailants, who he’d thought were crazies, had been his fellow soldiers. Maybe even his brother officers. He’d never know.† (Findley 169) Many aspects of the society in â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† also contrast modern societal values. Dead bodies are put on display for all to see. When on their daily walk Offred and Ofglen, â€Å"stop, together as if on signal, and stand and look at the bodies. It doesn’t matter if we look. We’re supposed to look: this is what they are there for, hanging on the Wall. Sometimes they’ll be there for days, until there’s a new batch, so as many people as possible will have the chance to see them.† (Atwood 40) Death does not have much shock value to individuals in the Gileadean society, as they have been exposed to it frequently. The Handmaids take part in the execution of a man who has performed crimes against society. â€Å"There is a surge forward, like a crowd at a rock concert in the former time†¦ Now there are sounds, gasps, a low noise like growling, yells†¦ he’s obscured by arms, fist, feet. A high scream comes from somewhere, like a horse in terror.† (Atwood 349) These women, who are not violent in every day life, are so desensitized to death that they are able to vent their anger through murder. Rape is common with the Gileadean society, although it is not recognized as such. Handmaids are required to copulate with their Commander, if the choose not to, they will be sent to the Colonies. With citizens being desensitized to death, enjoying killing and destruction, and the acceptance of sexual exploitation, the societies in â€Å"The Wars† and â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† transgress the morals of contemporary society. â€Å"The Wars† and â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† take place over dissimilar time spans, there are many societal parallels that are criticized in both novels. Soldiers are exploited by their superiors in â€Å"The Wars†, just as the unprivileged citizens in â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† are used solely to benefit the government. Ignorance to the true motivations and actions of the government are evident in both novels. Social mores and values of present-day society are infracted in both â€Å"The Wars† and â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale†. Regardless of occurring over different time periods, there are several analogous aspects in the two societies represented in â€Å"The Wars† and â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale†, which are criticized.

HVDC Light Technology Essay

Abstract—This document reveals theHVDC Light DC transmission technology.It is used in underground transmission and moreover provides point to point transmission.HVDC Light requires only two elements namely a converter station and a pair of ground cables. The new HVDC Light cable is an extruded, single-pole cable. It is ideally suited for feeding power into growing metropolitan areas from a suburban substation. HVDC Light is inherent environmentally friendly cables instead of OH transmission lines. Virtually no magnetic field. The environmental gains would be substantial, since the power supplied via the DC cables will be transmitted from efficient power plants in the main AC grid. 1. INTRODUCTION A hundred years ago, the transformer and a new transmission and distributionbe controlled precisely and independentlycan replace overhead lines at no costcontrol capabilities that are not present oreconomically feasible to connect smallscale,Equally important, HVDC Light hasfor inefficient, polluting local generationfrequency, active and reactive power canislands, mining districts and drillingloads from a main AC-gridof each other. This technology also relieson a new type of underground cable which penalty platforms can be supplied with power frompossible even in the most sophisticated ACrenewable power generation. Renewable power generation plantssuch as diesel units. The voltage, . Connect small scale Feeding remote isolated Flexible transmission System technology, HVDC Light, makes it the main grid,thereby eliminating the needto the main AC grid. Vice versa,using thevery same technology, remote locations asthe three phase system made it possible totransmit AC power efficiently and economically over vast distances and todistributethe power toamultitude ofusers.Since then all aspects of transmission anddistribution have developed by means oftechnical improvement and evolution. This AC transmission and distributiontechnology has made it possible to locategeneratingplants in optimum locations, andtoutilize them efficiently. This has alsoresulted in great environmental gains.Thermal plants have been located wherethey can be supplied with fuel through anefficient transportation system, therebyreducing waste and pollution. Hydro plantshave been located where the hydroresources can be used at the greatestadvantage. And large generating plantshave meant fewer overhead lines than amultitude of smaller generating plantswould have required.However, today’s AC transmission anddistribution systems are, at least inprinciple, based on ideas that haven’tchanged much since a hundred years ago. To transmit power, step up the voltage withtransformers, transmit power, step downthe voltage and distribute power. Despitetheir proven advantages, it is difficult andexpensive to adapt AC transmission anddistribution systems to the numerous smallscalegenerating plants that are being built,or to the increasingly complex and variableproduction and load demands.Environmental concerns and regulationsalso put heavy restrictions on building right-of-ways and on small-scale, fossilfuelledgenerating plants, such as dieselgenerating plants.These new trends require networks that areflexible. The networks must be able to copewith large variations in load and frequentchanges in productions patterns with tougher environmental regulations.Also, in such flexible networks, the powerflow and the voltages require precisecontrol in order to make the grids stable and economic. 2. TECHNOLOGY As its name implies, HVDC Light is a DCtransmission technology. However, it isdifferent from the classic HVDCtechnology used in a large number oftransmission schemes. Classic HVDCtechnology is mostly used for large point-to-point transmissions, often over vastdistances across land or under water. It requires fast communications channelsbetween the two stations, and there mustbe large rotating units – generators orsynchronous condensers – present in theAC networks at both ends of thetransmission. HVDC Light consists of only two elements: a converter station and a pair ofground cables. The converters are voltagesource converters, VSC’s. The output from the VSCare determined by the controlsystem, which does not require anycommunications links between the differentconverter stations. Also, they don’t need torely on the AC network’s ability to keepthe voltage and frequency stable. Thesefeatures make it possible to connect theconverters to the points bests suited for theAC system as a whole. Power range up to 100 MW Independent control of active and reactive power Can feed power to AC network without ownGeneration DC The converter station is designed for apower range of 1-100 MW and for a DCvoltage in the 10-100 kV range. One suchstation occupies an area of less than 250sq. m. (2 700 sq. ft.), and consists ofjust a few elements: two containers for theconverters and the control system, threesmall AC air-core reactors, a simpleharmonics filter and some cooling fans. 20MW:18x12m The converters are using a set of six valves,two for each phase, equipped with highpowertransistors, IGBT (Insulated GateBipolar Transistor). The valves arecontrolled by a computerized controlsystem by pulse width modulation, PWM.Since the IGBTs can be switched on or off, the output voltages and currents onthe AC side can be controlled precisely.The control system automatically adjuststhe voltage, frequency and flow of activeand reactive power according to the needsof the AC system.The PWM technology has been tried andtested for two decades in switched powersupplies for electronic equipment ascomputers. Due to the new, high powerIGBTs, the PWM technology can now beused for high power applications as electricpower transmission.HVDC Light can be used with regularoverhead transmission lines, but it reachesits full potential when used with a new kindof DC cable. The new HVDC Light cable isan extruded, single-pole cable. As anexample a pair of cables with a conductorof 95 sq mm aluminum can carry a load of30 MW at a DC voltage of +/-100KV.Handling the cable is easy. Despite its large power-carrying capacityit has a specific weight of just over 1 kg/m.Contrary to the case with AC transmission;distance is not the factor that determinesthe line voltage. The only limit is the costof the line losses, which may be lowered bychoosing a cable with a conductor with alarger cross section. Thus, the cost of apair of DC cables is linear with distance. Insulation: 5.5 mm triple extruded Screen: Copper wire Sheath: HDPE Weight: 1.05 kg/m Voltage: > 100 kV DC Current: > 300 A Power: > 30 MW Conductor: 95 mm^2Aluminum A DC cable connection could be more costefficientthan even a medium distance ACoverhead line, or local generating unitssuch as diesel generators.The converter stations can be used indifferent grid configurations. A singlestation can connect a DC load or generatingunit, such as a photo-voltaic power plant,with an AC grid. Two converter stationsand a pair of cables make a point-to pointDC transmission with AC connections ateach end. Three or more converter stationsmake up a DC grid that can be connected toone or more points in the AC grid or todifferent AC grids. An HVDCLight network can be configured radial or meshed,like any network. The DC grids can be radial with multi-dropconverters, meshed or a combination ofboth. In other words, they can beconfigured, changed and expanded in muchthe same way AC grids are. 3. APPLICATIONS 3.1 OVERHEAD LINES In general, it is getting increasingly difficultto build overhead lines. Overhead lineschange the landscape, and the constructionof new lines is often met by public resentment and political resistance. Peopleare often concerned about the possiblehealth hazards of living close to overheadlines. In addition, a right-of-way for a high voltage line occupant valuable land. Theprocess of obtaining permissions forbuilding new overhead lines is alsobecoming time-consuming and expensive.Laying an underground cable is a mucheasier process than building an overheadline. A cable doesn’t change the landscapeand it doesn’t need a wide right-of-way.Cables are rarely met with any publicopposition, and the electromagnetic fieldfrom a DC cable pair is very low, and also astatic field. Usually, the process ofobtaining the rights for laying anunderground cable is much easier, quickerand cheaper than for an overhead line.A pair of HVDC Light cables can beplowed into the ground. Despite their largepower capacity, they can be put in placewith the same equipment as ordinary, AChigh voltage distribution cables. Thus,HVDC Light is ideally suited for feedingpower into growing metropolitan areasfrom a suburban substation. 3.2 REPLACING LOCAL GENERATION Remote locations often need localgeneration if they are situated far awayfrom an AC grid. The distance to the gridmakes it technically or economicallyunfeasible to connect the area to the maingrid. Such remote locations may be islands,mining areas, gas and oil fields or drillingplatforms. Sometimes the local generators use gas turbines, but diesel generators aremuch more common.An HVDC Light cable connection could bea better choice than building a local powerplant based on fossil fuels. Theenvironmental gains would be substantial,since the power supplied via the DC cableswill be transmitted from efficient powerplants in the main AC grid. Also, thepollution and noise produced when thediesel fuel is transported will be completelyeliminated by an HVDC line, as the needfor frequent maintenance of the diesels.Since the cost of building an HVDC Lightline is a linear function of the distance, abreak-even might be reached for as shortdistances as 50- 60 km. HVDC Light lowest cost AC + Overhead line HVDC Light + cable Cost inside AC grid Distance from the AC grid eliminate local diesel Cost/kWh 3.3 CONNECTING POWER GRIDS Renewable power sources are often builtfrom scratch, beginning on a small scaleand gradually expanded. Wind turbine farms is the typical case, but this is alsotrue for photovoltaic power generation.These power sources are usually locatedwhere the conditions are particularlyfavorable, often far away from the mainAC network. At the beginning, such aslowly expanding energy resource cannotsupply a remote community with enoughpower. An HVDC Light link could be anideal solution in such cases.First, the link could supply the communitywith power from the main AC grid,eliminating the need for local generation.The HVDC Light link could also supply thewind turbine farm with reactive power for the generators, and keeping the powerfrequency stable.When the power output from the windgenerators grows as more units are added,they may supply the community with asubstantial share of its power needs. Whenthe output exceeds the needs of theCommunity, the power flow on the HVDCLight link is reversed automatically, and thesurplus power is transmitted to the mainAC grid. Wind power Small scale hydropower HVDC Light Extruded cable Distant ac- grid Waste gas is usually burned at offshoredrillingplatforms, since it is too expensive,or technically difficult, to use the gas for power generation and transmit it by an ACcable to the main grid on the shore. Thus,the energy content of the gas is wasted, andthe primitive burning process is source ofpollution. With an HVDC Lightunderwater cable transmission, the gas canbe used as gas turbine fuel, supplying boththe platform and the main AC grid withpower. The process of burning the gas ingas turbines would also produce much acleaner exhaust than simple burning woulddo.The DC underwater cable network could easily be extended to other offshoreplatforms. 3.4 ASYNCRONOUS LINKS Two AC grids, adjacent to each other butrunning asynchronously with respect toeach other, cannot exchange any powerbetween each other. If there is a surplus ofgenerating capacity in one of the grids itcannot be utilized in the other grid. Each ofthe networks must have its own capacity of peak power generation, usually in the formof older, inefficient fuel fossil plants, ordiesel or gas turbine units. Thus, peakpower generation is often a source ofsubstantial pollution, and their fueleconomy is frequently bad.A DC link, connecting two such networks,can be used for combining the generationcapacities of both networks. Cheap surpluspower from one network can replace peakpower generation in the other. This willresult in both reduced pollution levels andincreased fuel economy. The powerexchange between the networks is alsovery easy to measure accurately. 4. ADVANTAGES * Transmission by HVDC Light saves the environment by replacing local fossil-fueled generation withtransmission from main AC-grid. * Connecting small scale renewable power to main AC –grid. * HVDC Light is inherent environmentally friendlycables instead of OH transmission lines. * Virtually no magnetic field. * No ground currents because of bipolar transmission. 5. CONCLUSION HVDC Light technology saves theenvironment by replacing remote fossilfuelledgenerators with cost-efficienttransmission of power from efficient andclean, large-scale generation productionunits. The efficiency of a modern, largescale, thermal generating plant is usually 25percent higher than that for a modernsmall or moderate scale diesel generatorplant,Vice versa, HVDC Light provides aconvenient and cost-effective way forconnecting renewable and non-pollutingenergy sources as wind power farms andphotovoltaic power plants to a main grid.The HVDC Light technology in itself hasstrong environmental benefits. Since poweris transmitted via a pair of underground cables, the electromagnetic fields from thecables cancel each other. Any residual fieldis a static field, as opposed to the powerfrequencyfields radiated from AC cables.Since HVDC Light transmissions arebipolar, they do not inject any currents intothe ground. Ground currents can disturbcommunications systems or causecorrosion on gas or oil pipelines.A pair of light-weight DC cables can beeasily plodded into the ground at a costthat is comparable to or less than for acorresponding AC overhead line. Asopposed to an overhead line, anunderground cable pair has no visualimpact at all on the landscape. Usually it’salso much easier to obtain permissions andpublic approval for a cable transmissionthan for an overhead line, especially inresidential areas. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Our sincere thanks to HOD and FACULTIES for encouraging us to prepare the above document. A special thanks to IEEE.org REFERNCES [1] K. Eriksson, â€Å"HVDC Lightâ„ ¢ and development of Voltage SourceConverters†, IEEE T&D 2002 Latin America, Sà £o Paulo, Brazil, March. [2] L. Carlsson, G. Asplund, H. Bjà ¶rklund, M. Ã…berg, â€Å"Present trends inHVDC converter station design† IV SEPOPE Conference, Foz doIguacu, Brazil. [3]IEEE explorer.org

010 Intro to Literacy Narrative Professor Ramos Blog

010 Intro to Literacy Narrative Intro to Literacy Narrative Quick Write What do you want to learn in this class. Intro to Literacy Narrative A Literacy Narrative tells a story about something you have learned. Write a literacy narrative of your own, perhaps recalling how you learned to read or write. The focus of this paper is on the  learning. How did you learn? How did your sponsor help you to learn? How does learning this literacy relate to learning other literacies? Remember that there are many kinds of literacy. The narrative you compose may be about your encounters with paintings, films, music, fashion, architecture, or video games. Or it may explore any intellectual passion you have. From Graphic Design, to Mathematics, to a Foreign Language. Requirements 1,000+ words Tells a story about a literacy or a sponsor of literacy MLA Format 1+ relevant Image(s) Appropriate Structure Rough Draft Revised Draft Final Draft posted on class blog Here is a sample literacy narrative from a previous class  that you can use as a model as well.  The BFG and A Little Me. If you want to read more about literacy narratives, here are two great sources to check out. College Writing Tips: Write a Good Literacy Narrative Writing a Literacy Narrative What is literacy? The ability to read and write. In this class, literacy also means much more. Competence or knowledge in a specified area. For example, computer literacy or university literacy. Let’s come up with a big list of literacies that we can write about. Take two minutes and write down two or three literacies you have learned. Share with a partner. Read/Write Drive a car ? Literacy Sponsors A literacy sponsor is someone or something that helps you or hurts you when learning a literacy. Who are some possible sponsors? Teachers/Professors Parents ? Annotate What does annotate the text mean? Why should you annotate? What can you do to annotate or mark up your text? Shitty First Drafts Remember, the first homework assignment you can do is to answer the three questions at the end of the Anne Lamott article, â€Å"Shitty First Drafts.† Take a couple minutes and read the short article. Annotate the text. Four Defining Traits of a Game Goal. The outcome that the players will work to achieve. It focuses attention and gives you a sense of purpose. Rules. Limitations on how to achieve the goal. It will unleash creativity and foster strategic thinking. Feedback System. Tells players how close they are to achieving their goal. Provides motivation to keep playing. Voluntary Participation. Requires that you knowingly accept the goal, rules, and the feedback. You have the freedom to enter and leave the game at will. With these four ideas in mind, how can we apply this to college?

Proofreading Exercises to Identify Errors in Verb Tense

Proofreading Exercises to Identify Errors in Verb Tense Verb tenses tell you when the action in a sentence is happening The three verb tenses are past, present, and future. Past tense verbs describe when something has happened, present tense verbs describe things that are continuous or that are happening now, and future tense verbs describe things that havent happened yet but are likely to occur in the future. Instructions In each of the following paragraphs, some of the sentences contain errors in verb tense. Write out the correct form of any verb that is used incorrectly, and then compare your findings with the answers provided further below. Hands Up! Recently in Oklahoma City, Pat Rowley, a security guard, deposit 50 cents in a City Hall vending machine and reach in to get a candy bar. When the machine catch his hand, he pull out his pistol and shoot the machine twice. The second shot sever some wires, and he got his hand out. The Christmas Spirit Mr. Theodore Dunnet, of Oxford, England, run amok in his house in December. He ripped the telephone from the wall, thrown a television set and a tape-deck into the street, smash to bits a three-piece suite, kicked a dresser down the stairs, and torn the plumbing right out of the bath. He offer this explanation for his behavior: I was shock by the over-commercialization of Christmas. Late Bloomers Some very remarkable adults are known to have experience quite unremarkable childhoods. English author G.K. Chesterton, for instance, could not read until the age of 8, and he usually finish at the bottom of his class. If we could opened your head, one of his teachers remark, we would not find any brain but only a lump of fat. Chesterton eventually become a successful novelist. Similarly, Thomas Edison was label a dunce by one of his teachers, and young James Watt was called dull and inept. Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa is one of the most famous portraits in the history of painting. Leonardo took four years to complete the painting: he begun work in 1503 and finish in 1507. Mona (or Madonna Lisa Gherardini) was from a noble family in Naples, and Leonardo may have paint her on commission from her husband. Leonardo is said to have entertain Mona Lisa with six musicians. He install a musical fountain where the water play on small glass spheres, and he give Mona a puppy and a white Persian cat to play with. Leonardo did what he could to keep Mona smiling during the long hours she sit for him. But it is not only Monas mysterious smile that has impress anyone who has ever view the portrait: the background landscape is just as mysterious and beautiful. The portrait can be seen today in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Hard Luck A bank teller in Italy was jilted by his girlfriend and decide the only thing left to do was kill himself. He stolen a car with the idea of crashing it, but the car broken down. He steal another one, but it was too slow, and he barely dent a fender when he crashed the car into a tree. The police arrive and charge the man with auto theft. While being questioned, he stab himself in the chest with a dagger. Quick action by the police officers saved the mans life. On the way to his cell, he jumped out through a third-story window. A snowdrift broken his fall. A judge suspends the mans sentence, saying, Im sure fate still has something in store for you. Answers Here are the answers to the above verb-tense exercises. Corrected verb forms are in  bold  print. Hands Up! Recently in Oklahoma City, Pat Rowley, a security guard,  deposited  50 cents in a City Hall vending machine and reached  in to get a candy bar. When the machine caught his hand, he pulled out his pistol and  shot  the machine twice. The second shot  severed  some wires, and he got his hand out. The Christmas Spirit Mr. Theodore Dunnet, of Oxford, England, ran amok in his house in December. He ripped the telephone from the wall;  threw a television set and a tape-deck into the street; smashed  to bits a three-piece suite, kicked a dresser down the stairs, and tore the plumbing right out of the bath. He  offered  this explanation for his behavior: I was​  shocked  by the over-commercialization of Christmas. Late Bloomers Some very remarkable adults are known to have  experienced  quite unremarkable childhoods. English author G.K. Chesterton, for instance, could not read until the age of eight, and he usually  finished  at the bottom of his class. If we could  open  your head, one of his teachers  remarked, we would not find any brain but only a lump of fat. Chesterton eventually  became  a successful novelist. Similarly, Thomas Edison was  labeled  a dunce by one of his teachers, and young James Watt was called dull and inept. Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vincis  Mona Lisa  is the most famous portrait in the history of painting. Leonardo took four years to complete the painting: he  began  work in 1503 and  finished  in 1507. Mona (or Madonna Lisa Gherardini) was from a noble family in Naples, and Leonardo may have  painted  her on commission from her husband. Leonardo is said to have  entertained  Mona Lisa with six musicians. He  installed  a musical fountain where the water  played  on small glass spheres, and he  gave  Mona a puppy and a white Persian cat to play with. Leonardo did what he could to keep Mona smiling during the long hours she  sat  for him. But it is not only Monas mysterious smile that has  impressed  anyone who has ever  viewed  the portrait: the background landscape is just as mysterious and beautiful. The portrait can be seen today in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Hard Luck A bank teller in Italy was jilted by his girlfriend and  decided  the only thing left to do was kill himself. He  stole  a car with the idea of crashing it, but the car  broke  down. He  stole  another one, but it was too slow, and he barely  dented  a fender when he crashed the car into a tree. The police  arrived  and  charged  the man with auto theft. While being questioned, he  stabbed  himself in the chest with a dagger. Quick action by the police officers saved the mans life. On the way to his cell, he jumped out through a third-story window. A snowdrift  broke  his fall. A judge  suspended  the mans sentence, saying, Im sure fate still has something in store for you.

Research method - Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research method - Critical Review - Essay Example Here the authors have used a quantitative research for the study and a total of around 300 responses have been got for the research. The focus has been on the Indian organisations. The findings clearly show a major link and co relationship between human resource capabilities and the organisational performance. The researcher however has been able to effectively gain responses and the findings are relatively more reliable and valid as compared to the previous research. In the second stage the incomplete questionnaires of the first stage were resent and an attempt to get the responses was made. This sampling method is not very clear and although the authors explain that the research included the two stages, the second stage does not seem to be complete and requires more attention for better sampling. The data collection method here in this paper is based on case studies and on secondary data. There has not been any clear data collection for the research which causes the biggest drawback here. Although secondary research can prove to be very effective in other researches, here in this case with the aims and objectives of the research, the method is not an efficient manner and needs changes. Analysis has been conducted based on the secondary data found. This however cannot be recognised to be most effective manner as it merely relies on views and research data of other authors and does not contribute to the field of study as effectively as it could have. Here the analysis is merely rephrasing of the views of the other researchers (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2000) This research paper focuses on an effective data collection method for the paper. The authors have carefully planned and picked their research methods and the method adopted here allows the researcher to gain the answers to the objectives (Sekaran, 2000). However there is major scope for improvement here and the research can be proved to be much more effective if the data collection

Critically evaluate the status of Offender profiling as a Essay

Critically evaluate the status of Offender profiling as a psychologically - underpinned technique - Essay Example an either be â€Å"proactive or reactive.† Investigators use reactive profiling when solving crimes that have already happened while proactive profiling involves an attempt to interdict and foil crime before it happens. Profiling provides the police investigators with a personality snapshot or typology helpful in identifying and apprehending a suspect. It assists the police with a set of unique behavioural habits and personality characteristics. Alison and Canter (1999) say that profiling almost always takes place after a crime scene has been examined. Dr. Canter’s studies related to the link between Action versus Characteristics ( A v C ) of the offender including his criminal history, background and relationships to others has become known as the ‘profiling equations’ and has given rise to criminal behaviour identification which is crucial to models of inference related to investigations. Unlike detective fiction, these inference models operate at the thematic level. To collect information and test hypothesis for inductive reasoning; is at the heart of empirical science and investigative psychology where a wide range of empirical studies aims at providing objective bases for investigative inferences. Studies related to inference are slowly beginning to provide a basis for a general theory of offender consistency. But it would be unwise to rule out the possibility, that if the offender is intelligent, he’ll often alter his M.O. (Modus Operandi or method of operation) to avoid detection as in the case of Yorkshire Ripper; who used a screwdriver in his early killings and later changed to using a ligature. To help the police generate detailed information, psychologists have developed processes and guidelines for ‘cognitive interviews’ but to measure their precise relevance and accuracy, varies between situations. Similarly, psychologists are involved in studies and procedures to help reconstruct faces from memory. They have also contributed to the