CSR and Auditing Assurance Services

Question: Examine about the CSR and Auditing Assurance Services. Answer: Presentation: Present day business condition is described by the broad monetary and money related reorganization system whose reason for existing is to advance and apply orchestrated techniques with best practice over the world. Legitimately entitled individual called reviewers execute the evaluating technique. Data concerning the specific element is brought out in proficient way through utilizing explicit methods and methodology. The inspectors issue a review report, which is acquired through generous evaluated information known as review proof (Arenset al., 2015). The inspectors issue an archive called review report, holding a self-ruling feeling dependent on assessment models emerging out of the legitimate guidelines or great practice. The money related review sets out the subject, which is past the bookkeeping circle including with the exception of the bookkeeping information. The bookkeeping information comprises of the lawful data, recognition with respect to monetary and financial investigation, math, data and standards. The monetary review should confirm the consistence of fiscal summaries with validness in one hand and perception standards and measures built up for the board of the accounting data then again. As per the inspecting standard, the monetary review comprises of the assessment of action by the evaluators to set up a feeling on the fiscal reports (Beynonet al., 2014). The report manages the evaluators duty during the monetary emergency that hits the general public because of worldwide money related emergency. Lehmans sibling case outline: Alluding to the instance of Lehman siblings on September 15, 2008 Lehman siblings sought financial protection with 639 billion of advantages and 619 billion in the red. The Lehman sibling insolvency is considered as the biggest in the history since the advantages have far outperformed the past liquidation goliaths such World com and Enron. Lehman was considered as the fourth-biggest US speculation bank during the hour of their breakdown having in excess of 25,000 representatives all through the world. Destruction of Lehman additionally made it the biggest survivor of the US subprime contract, which lead to budgetary emergency moving through the monetary market in 2008. The breakdown of Lehman was original occasion, which to a great extent heightened the 2008 monetary emergency and credited to the disintegration of near $10 trillion in advertise capitalization from the worldwide value showcases in October 2008. The decrease of Lehman is considered as the greatest month to month decay during that time (Ye Simunic, 2013, pp.1191-1215). Lehmans more elevated level of influence comprising of complete advantages for investors proportion was 31 during the money related year of 2007. It additionally had high measure of portfolio contract protections, which made the organization progressively helpless against the crumbling economic situations. The breakdown of Lehman drudged the universal monetary markets for quite a long time given the size of the organization and its common status of significant player in the US and abroad market. A few inquiries were raised pointing towards the US government choice prompting disappointment of Lehman. The insolvency of Lehman has prompted more than $46 billion of its fairly estimated worth being cleaned out. Report goals: The report objective isn't simply to concentrate yet additionally to direct primer and fundamental phase of examination. The target of this report is to represent the responsibility of the examiners all through the financial emergency. The target of this examination is comprehend the noteworthyfunction of the monetary inspectors and the untruths which the evaluators can't give through a sensible confirmation that the financial articulation isn't polluted by cheats and material blunders (Christensenet al., 2015,pp.36-42). The outcomes got from the global standard on examining sets out that an enormous number of clients of budget report rely on the fiscal summary as starter wellspring of data. The monetary emergency and evaluators risk: To pursue the sensible string of the most indispensable period of financial flimsiness is totally essential to fathom the idea of emergency. Money related emergency speaks to the indication of troubles as financial, political and social viewpoints. Money related speaks to the period of strain, mayhem frequently basic testing which show the human advancement. The financial emergency by and large emerges because of lumbering monetary action. The monetary emergency is a type of breakdown or the epitomized log jam of the economy mirroring a stagnation or fall of the financial movement (Cohen Simnett, 2014, pp.59-74). The monetary emergency shows nature of doubt in the money related framework because of the enormous drop of exchanges on stock trade. Such drop in exchanges mirrors a confusion in the market balance. The money related emergency can be considered as an opportunity to amend certain components of the fiscal framework especially those insufficiencies, which have prompted such emergency. The budgetary frameworks request augmentation of straightforwardness concerning the few parts of review report. Setting up the guidelines on the exercises of multifaceted investments would help in lessening the instability of the economic situations. As per the ISA 200 the significant reason and general standard overseeing the inspected financial proclamation is to give the examiner the chance to put over his perspectives on the monetary explanation arranged in all material regard. As expressed under the monetary revealing system the review method ought to be led by the lawful and specific gauges (Harrison, 2015, p.38). The inspected articulation ought to be marked by the examiner and must send to the proprietors or the investors of the organization revealing all the materiality parts of the review. The evaluator as an expert is responsible for giving a feeling on the financial proclamation of an association with subject to impressive obligation. During the hour of playing out a review, the money related reviewer accepts the accountability in concurrence with the review arrangement considering the idea of specific administrations rendered. The essential assumption of the examiners obligation is the stating of the review commitment (Hayeset al., 2014). In the wake of giving his consent on the letter of commitment, the examiner characterizes the terms and crucial the review explanation that must be as per the review principles. The evaluators obligation is to build up the target strategic perceiving the budget report to be inspected under the announcing structure accounts. The reviewer should actualize proficient suspicion at the hour of review occasions while assessing the review proof and results. The reviewers obligation is to guarantee that fiscal summary is liberated from material misquote because of extortion and blunder. On scarcely any event it is discovered that review methodology demonstrates to insufficient to decide the material error which is hidden by individuals involving the situation of administration. As per the rules set under the structure of ISA, the risk of material misquote of financial explanations happens in any event, when the review commitment is arranged and directed. In assessing crafted by audit,the inspector decides his duty by investigating the connection between's the outcomes acquired under the review technique alongside the examiners feeling communicated by his review report (KnechelSalterio, 2016). In the earth of monetary emergency, the preeminent responsibility of the inspector is to planning a perspective on the budget report by confirming that they show a reasonable materiality idea alongside the financial exchanges to which it alludes. There can likewise be situation where the examiners scarcely express his assessments and this for the most part occurs in those conditions where the extent of review is restricted (Pitt, 2014). In the event that the reviewer gives a horrible feeling that all the issues contained in the budget report are accurately reflected then under such conditions the inspectors gets such obligation from its own view. The risk of the evaluators may increment because of the plausible occurring of occasions after the information of asset report. As expressed under the IAS 10 occasions after the accounting report date speaks to those procedures which are similarly ideal and negative occasions happening in the midst of the date of asset report and the date when the budget report are approved for filling. Supervisors by and large consider the materiality occasions before choosing it and if fundamental change the fiscal summary. Under such conditions it is hard for the reviewer to decide the whether such alteration mirrors a reasonable estimation of the articles in the set up budget summary (Pizziniet al., 2014,pp.25-58). The inspector is likewise responsible for assuringthe quality control of the review work. IFAC standard put a lot of accentuation on the quality control, as it is the commitment of each Audit Company or individual bureau to appropriately execute the review work. The methodology of value control ought to be appropriately composed with the goal that they are adequately ready to dispose of the danger of mix-up. Evaluators guarantee crafted by nature of control by finishing all the applicable areas of review programs. In the wake of the fiscalcrisis, the evaluator is responsible for assessing the utilization of interior control framework (RupysSta?iokas, 201,5pp.49-53). It is imperative to indicate that on the off chance that there is no legitimate presence of inner control framework, at that point the evaluator will be unable to appropriately recognize the risk of extortion and mistake. As indicated by the International Auditing Standards, questionable data are of two kinds to be specific extortion and mistake. Misrepresentation can be characterized as the purposeful activity executed by one of more individual to increase money related advantages. These incorporate duplicating of significant records, burglary of advantages, discarding the impacts of exchanges to financial explanations, misap

Modernization and Dependency essays

Modernization and Dependency articles Reliance is a procedure related with the economies of some Third World nations that is designed as far as outer elements. Reliance exists when a nation depends on a solitary (or a restricted not many) trades that are offered to progressively industrialized nations, made and afterward exchanged to the nation of starting point at a greater expense. This implies a nation's salary from sends out is ceaselessly inadequate to meet the expense of The idea of reliance hypothesis arranges nations into one of two types: predominant and subordinate. Numerous officially colonized nations, (for example, India) were sorted out along this kind of monetary structure. The essential state was consequently the colonialist regulator and the reliant state was the state. Single fare economies were additionally basic inside the pilgrim organize (think about espresso from Brazil or sugar from the Caribbean). Subordinate states incline toward a low for each capita GNP as immediate consequence of their reliance. The reliant states gracefully modest minerals, farming items, and modest work, and furthermore fill in as the storehouses of surplus capital, outdated advances, and made merchandise. These capacities situate the economies of the needy states toward the outside: cash, merchandise, and administrations do stream into subordinate states, yet the assignment of these assets are controlled by the financial interests of the prevailing states, and not by the financial interests of the ward Financial reliance is an aftereffect of direct mediation and control of the financial structure in more unfortunate nations. Industrialization is constrained because of outside control and mastery. These are nations that are abused to give explicit fare items and, or, modest work to the disadvantage of the local populace and the advantage of the predominant state. Strategically, ... <!

Forbes and MIT

Forbes and MIT On Jan 3rd, Forbes published their annual list of the 30 Under 30 of 2017. For six years now, Forbes has put out lists of the top 30 innovators under the age of 30 for each of 15-20 industry categories. The Tech and Social Entrepreneurship categories have included well-known names, like Mark Zuckerberg, Evan Spiegel, and Malala Yousafzai. The Entertainment, Music, and Sports categories have included even more famous names, from Bruno Mars to Jennifer Lawrence to Lebron James to Ronda Rousey. 600 winners a year may seem like a lot, but according to Forbes there are 15,000 nominations per year to choose from. Thats a 4% acceptance rate, less than MITs 7.9% acceptance rate! Speaking of MIT, how many MIT alums end up on the 30 Under 30? Turns out Slice of MIT has published short bios of our alums in the 30 Under 30 for the past three years. (Slice of MIT is a cool blog written by our Alumni Association) More Than 30 MIT Alumni Named to Forbes’ 30 Under 30 Lists 2015 More than 25 from MIT Named to Forbes 30 Under 30 Lists in 2016 More than Two Dozen from MIT Named to Forbes 30 Under 30 2017 According to these articles, within the past three years, there have been 89 30 Under 30 MIT alumni. I was interested in knowing how what industries Forbes thinks MIT is innovating the most, so I marked down which category each alum was in. (Im taking Stats this semester so I should get some practice making graphs.) Not surprisingly, it looks like the bulk of awardees are in science, enterprise tech, and healthcare, followed by manufacturing and energy. Its cool to see winners in the other categories, showing that MIT alumni can be leaders in non-STEM fields as well. Two of the three winners in the Retail category of 2015 are the Ministry of Supply  founders, a company that makes wrinkle-free, sweat-resistant dress shirts with the same technology used in NASA space suits. The MIT alum in Education is the founder of eduCanon (now known as PlayPosit), which helps teachers create interactive video lessons. The Sports alum of 2017 is the founder of Humon, a wearable that measures oxygen levels during exercise for athletes and the alum of 2015 is the Director of Data at Second Spectrum, which is used by almost all NBA championship contenders. I was interested in seeing the breakdowns of the category winners of years before 2015, but I couldnt find any readily available records. So I went through the full list of 30 Under 30 winners from 2012, 2013, and 2014, looking for any more MIT alums. There was more of a recognition of energy achievements in the years before 2015 but the science category still reigns supreme. 2012-2014 also added more finance, consumer tech, and education alums to the list. Interestingly, no more sports, games, or retail alumni were recognized before 2015, but it might be possible I missed an alum or two somewhere. So over the past six years as a whole, MIT alumnis contributions to science and energy have been the most recognized by Forbes, followed by enterprise tech, consumer tech and healthcare, and then manufacturing. In the Forbes article, MIT was listed as one of the most attended universities of the 2017 recipients, alongside Harvard, New York University, Stanford, and University of Pennsylvania. Obviously, awards are subjective, and MIT is making huge advancements in areas other than the ones Forbes listed. But I do think that the 30 Under 30 lists each year manage to capture an interesting sample of the population. Looking through the lists of previous years, I really got a sense of what technology trends were being valued, and which ones continued growing while others died out. Its exciting to think about who will do interesting things in 2017 and end up on the 30 Under 30 list for 2018. Shout out to John Urschel, a 2017 30 Under 30 recipient in the Science category, who is both a mathematics MIT PhD student AND a Guard for the Baltimore Ravens. Stereotypes be damned. Also shout out to Taylor Freeman, Cliff Weitzman, and Steve Anastos, who are all friends I made in 2016 that were awarded this years 30 Under 30. You guys are rocking it!

The Importance of Information Communication Technology in...

http://freemanbizng.com Freemanbiz Communication Educational Services F r e e m a nbiz C o m m u nica ti on E d uc at io nal S e r vic e s C hi n w e nd u Ig b a ji h t t p : / / f r e e m a nbi z ng .c o m 2 0 13 A BSTRACT T his age of information is d ominated by the use of Information C ommunication and Technology (ICT), w hich is becoming an essential t ool i n t eaching and learning v arious courses which accounting courses are included. V arious r esearches h ave s hown that these tools have a great impact on the t eaching and learning of accounting courses. A s a result of that, this paper a ims to investigate the relevance of ICT in effective teaching and l earning of a ccounting courses, t he concept o f ICT is also ex amine, as†¦show more content†¦T he developed CAIs were compared with the lecture method o r traditional method and found that the developed CAIs were s ignificantly s uperior to lecture method/traditional method in t eaching d ifferent subjects as well as teaching accounting courses . I MPO RT ANCE OF I CT I N TEACHING - L EARNING O F A CCOUNTING COURSES . M ost o f the teachers i n higher institutions make u se o f l ecturing/traditional m ethod o f teaching, w hich the school was able t o provide and w hich does not have tendency o f achieving e ffective l earning o bjectives. F or t he set objective to be achieved, m ultiple m ethods should be used in an integrated fashion. A t present, I CT m ay be of some use. I t is a known fact that not all the teacher is c apable of given up to date and complete information in his /her o wn s ubject /field . T he ICT can breach t his gap especially in area o f t eaching of accounting courses, because of the following reason; 1 . P rovision o f A ccurate Information: ICT c an provide access to d ifferent sources of information which is as comprehensive as 4 http://freemanbizng.com Freemanbiz Communication Educational Services p ossible in different formats wi th different examples, w hich c an b e u se d i n solving problems in accounting courses. 2 . I CT provides online i nteraction facility: S tudents and teachers o f Accounting E ducation can exchange their ideas and views, a nd get clarification on any topic in accounting courses from dShow MoreRelatedHow Is Communication Important For Children And Community Engagement As It Has Been Discussed? 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Society is threatened, not only by acts of terrorism or the violence seen on the daily news, but by the vast amount of uninformed citizens that partake on important roles in society. Every day, we are increasingly fostering a society of the oblivious, of those that are unaware of our system of government, basic financial management, communication skills, and the foundation

Analysis Of Mary Oliver s Singapore - 1489 Words

Cloudy People have the tendency to make snap judgements. Not only will they judge quickly but they tend to judge by viewing life through a clouded lens smudged by stereotypes. It is when we observe a situation without bias that we are able to consider an individual and make fair judgement of their character. Mary Oliver’s Singapore is a poem that focuses on class. It depicts the revelation of a middle class woman and how the interaction and observation with a lower class woman’s work changes her belief on assuming a character by the general assumption for their class. In Singapore, Mary Oliver uses persona, imagery, and irony to show the theme of stereotyping character by class level and the recognition of individuals. The persona created in Singapore is a financially sound woman who is most likely a foreigner to the country. The speaker has opinions formed from what is expected out of a categorized class and the established stereotypes of society. She deviates from thi s when she experiences a change of mind that is not parallel with what she had been taught to believe. This can be seen in how the speaker, through persona, connects the general publics predetermined expectations concerning poetry and her own initial belief of the woman in the stall’s character. â€Å"Disgust argued in my stomach and I felt†¦for my ticket.† (6-7) this is the speaker’s immediate reaction to seeing a worker cleaning toilets at an airport in Singapore. The action of protecting her belongings wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction, and Its Influence on Customer Loyalty.8400 Words   |  34 PagesANALYSIS OF SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY. (Passengers Survey of Domestic Full Service Airlines Company â€Å"Garuda Indonesia† in Indonesia) Mohamad Rizan Management Department of Economics Faculty, State University of Jakarta, Indonesia dr_rizan@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The aims of research are : 1) Analyzing service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty of full service airlines company (Garuda Indonesia) in Indonesia, and 2) TestingRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 Pagesevoked in the consumer’s mind (Dick and Basu 1994). In the literature, this information processing is also described as cognitive loyalty, a phase where information on the brand at attribute performance level is the dominant driver of loyalty (Oliver 1999). 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Read MoreThe Impact of Derivatives on Cash Market21543 Words   |  87 Pagesare low, liquidity constraints lead to increased volatility. Finally, in Zhou’s (1998) model, the eï ¬â‚¬ect of agricultural price subsidies is to dampen volatility, especially in states when futures prices are low. The Brady Commission (1988), in their analysis of the 1987 market crash, suggested that stock index futures markets may have contributed to the crash through yet another channel. Although they develop no formal model, they suggest that ... the market’s break was exacerbated by the failure ofRead MoreEthical Companies12021 Words   |  49 Pagesas well as information Ethisphere gathered throughout the year, a list of semi-finalists was created. 3. In-Depth Analysis At this stage, semi-finalist companies were notified and given an in-depth survey questionnaire to fill out regarding their ethics and compliance program, governance and corporate responsibility. 4. Further Refinement Ethisphere then conducted data analysis on hundreds of companies based on their responses to the survey, as well as documents and information researched andRead MoreCorporate Communications - the Case of the Walt Disney Company13529 Words   |  55 Pagesanalyses the corporate communication functions of Walt Disney Corporation and identifies the key goals and objectives of the strategic efforts to maintain a consistent message across its vast global network. Our examination traces the development of Disney‟s business strategy and the implications this has for its communication function. 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Essay on Democracy and Jacksonian Democrats - 817 Words

Jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves? Jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves? AP AM HISTORY DBQ 4 - (An A+ Essays Original Paper, written by Zoo Patrol) Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United†¦show more content†¦Another principle of the Jacksonian Democracy was the rotation system. Jackson limited a persons stay in office to just one term, and then appoint another in his place. Jacksonian Democrats believed that any American was capable of holding government office. Jackson also said that if a man were to hold office for a lengthy period of time, he would be capable of tolerating conduct from which an unpracticed man would revolt. Along with rotation, the Jacksonian Democrats reestablished the spoils system. Jackson fired any previous office holder who was not a loyal Democrat. He would then appoint a Democrat to that position. The spoils system and rotation were advances toward greater political democracy, because they showed that one man is just as good as another is. In addition to creating a more democratic country, Jackson also tried to establish equal economic opportunity for the people of America. The best example of this is the vetoing of the charter of the Bank of the United States. The bank was a huge monopoly. It was ran by aristocrats, most of which were from England. Nicholas Biddle, who was the president of the bank, often used funds from the bank to lend money to the members of Congress, thus wining their support. In his veto message, Jackson wrote, It is to be regretted that rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their selfish purposes. ThisShow MoreRelatedJacksonian Dbq Essays1637 Words   |  7 PagesJacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. However, the Jacksonian Democrats were in a catch 22. In order for them to protect the interests of the common man, they at times had to violate the very things for which they stood. By doing this, the Jacksonian Democrats stressed the importance of the power of the common man, at times by violating their own principles. TheRead MoreJacksonian America Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pages1820-1830, Jacksonian Democrats created a vastly popular political party. They were, of course, led by Andrew Jackson, a war hero and a man of the people. Jacksons followers who created the party were also for the people. Such ideals were shown throughout various times within the period. The democrats were essentially guardians of the United States Constitution and, similarly, were protectors of individual liberties. In addition to this, the Jacksonian Democrats promoted political democracy, and alsoRead MoreJacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesKathy Dai M. Galvin AP USH Period 1 Jacksonian Democracy DBQ The Jacksonian democracy of the 1820s-1830s is often associated with an expansion of the political influence, economic opportunities, and social equality available to â€Å"the common man,† a concept of the masses which President Andrew Jackson and his newly founded Democratic party came to represent. 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The Case Study of Anne Diagnosed with Appendicitis Free Sample

Question: Discuss the Case Study of Anne. Answer: Introduction: In this essay, case of Anne is discussed. She is diagnosed with appendicitis. Pathophysiology of Anne is discussed. Role of growth and development theories, developmentally appropriate care, family centered care and hospitalization of Anne are discussed. Pathophysiology: In this essay case if Anne is discussed. Anne is diagnosed with appendicits. Appendicits is mainly inflammation of the inner lining of vermiform appendix. This inflammation can also spread to other parts. Obstruction of the appendix mainly occurs due to episodes of constipation and low fiber diet. As a result, there is fecalith occlusion in the appendix. Obstruction of the appendix leads to the trapping of the bacteria within appendiceal lumen. These bacteria begin to multiply and as a result appendix distended. Hence, Anne was prescribed with antibiotics (Brogden and Streets, 2013). This leads to the raised intraluminal pressure which obstructs venous drainage. Due to obstruction of the appendix, there is occurrence of ischemia. Ischemia increases chances of bacterial infection due to loss of epithelial integrity. This leads to the open wound and impaired tissue integrity. Infection and ischemia together induces inflammation of appendix. Peritonitis is mentioned in Anne which is an inflammatory condition. Due to inflammation and thrombosis of the appendicular artery and veins there is necrosis and gangrene of appendix (Feldman et al., 2010). Perforation occurs in the gangrenous appendix. This perforation of the appendix is more common in younger children as compared to the adults. These perforations increase in the children with increase in the duration of symptoms. In Anne case this gangarene and perforated appendix condition mentioned. In the initial phase of the appendicitis, there may be only periumbilical pain because of T10 innervation of the appendix. Anne also mentioned about right iliac fossa pain. She was prescribed with morphine for relieving pain. Release of prostaglandin and bradykinin lead to the development of pain. Wound in the appendix stimulate nociceptors and send pain signals to the central nervous system. With the progression of the inflammation, there is formation of exudates on the appendiceal serosal surface. As result, exudate comes in contact with the parietal peritoneum and pain becomes more intensified and localized in the surrounding area (Story, 2011). Perforation of the appendix results in the release of mucus fluid due to inflammation and bacteria in the abdominal cavity. This leads to the intensified inflammation of the peritoneal surface and as a result there is development of peritonitis. This peritonitis can be of diffused or localized based on the spillage of the luminal contents in the omentum and the adjacent bowel. If these contents form abscess, pain and tenderness may be localized at the abscess site. If these contents are fluid, pain and tenderness become generalized throughout peritoneum (Loeffler, 2014). Growth and developmental theories: Nurse should incorporate growth and developmental theories in nursing intervention for Anne. These theories include psychoanalytic theories, learning theories, cognitive development theories and system theories. Eriksons Psychoanalytical theories specifically deal with the awareness of the unconscious activities to the children (White et al., 2005). Appendicitis is associated with the inflammation and pain of the appendix. Nurse should evaluate this knowledge in Anne through psychoanalytical theories. Nurse should evaluate knowledge about social aspects about the disease in Anne. Hence, Anne can discuss about disease with society members and her peers. Scientific understanding and behavioral change can be accomplished through use of Albert Bandura's learning theories (Berk, 2009). Nurse should assess the reasons behind obstruction of appendicitis in Anne. Learning theories can teach Anne to repeat desirable incidences and avoid undesirable incidences. Nurse should ask her about const ipation problem and her food habits. Nurse should advise her not to eat food which is responsible for constipation. Nurse should make her realize that an appendix is very common and serious problem in the children. Nurse should make her realize that her diseased condition can affect her family members negatively (Adler-Tapia, 2012). Generally, children are not aware of most of things. Hence, nurse should evaluate Annes knowledge and make her diseased condition understand. Piagets Cognitive developmental theory is very important in children because children are unable to distinguish between bad and good things as compared to the adults (Berk, 2009). Nurse should evaluate cognitive developmental theory in Anne to change her attitude towards right things. This would be helpful in curing Annes diseased condition. Anne can change her behavior towards right things by eating food which would not affect her appendix (Hahn et al., 2016). According to cognitive developmental theory, children are more eager to learn. Hence, nurse should utilize it and teach Anne about disease. Cognitive development theory dont have place for emotions, hence nurse should not get controlled by emotions of Anne. Bronfenbrenners Systems theories of development are mainly based on the interaction and association of different people including family members for changing behavior of children (Berk, 2009). Hence, nurse should evaluate family members of Anne for provision of good food. E valuation and execution of these developmental theories in Anne by nurse can definitely improve her disease condition (Leifer Fleck, 2013). Developmentally appropriate care: Diseased condition in the Annes age could have long term effect on her growth and development. Nurse should make aware Anne and her family members about this fact. Nurse should advise Anne and her family members to give more attention to food. Because, food can adversely affect appendix. Nurse should tell her that she should not get depressed due to her diseased condition. She should mingle with society members and her peers. She should not keep her detached from society. Nurse should tell her that society members can help her to improve her diseased condition. Disease condition in this age can adversely affect Anne both physically and mentally (Lowry-Lehnen, 2015). This age appropriate intervention would definitely be helpful in improving diseased condition of Anne. Family centered care: Family centered care is a vital component of the nursing intervention because children are not developed sufficiently to manage their disease condition. Annes family is her main force. Nurse should take this into consideration and involve her family members in providing nursing intervention to her. Nurse should enquire from her family members about her health issues, eating habits and psychological behavior. Based on this information, nurse can plan for her nursing intervention. Family members of Anne would be helpful in giving her emotional stability. It would also be helpful in improving morale of Anne. It would be helpful for Anne to tolerate social consequences. Nurse should give confidence to family members that proper medication can be definitely improve her condition (Law, 2012). Nurse should involve family members of Anne in planning and delivering nursing care to Anne. Nurse should educate Annes family members for managing pain due to appendix. Nurse should advise family members of Anne to maintain proper hygienic conditions because infection due to food can exaggerate disease condition in Anne. Nurse should advise her family members to administer plenty of fluids. It can be helpful in removing obstruction in the appendix (Chalmers, 2017). Understanding of the disease condition can relive stress on family members of the patient and improve confidence in recovery. Nurse should understand Anne and her mothers feelings and should give respect to them. Nurse should use respectful words with them. Nurse should comprehend strengths and weaknesses of Anne and her mother. Nurse should plan nursing interventions based on these strengths and weaknesses. Nurse should keep in mind socioeconomic and cultural background of Anne and her family while providing nursing intervention. Nurse should make aware of Annes accurate health condition to her family members. Nurse should also make them aware of anticipated effect on appendix after the completion of the nursing intervention (Barnsteiner et al., 2014). Children didnt feel stress, if nursing intervention provided in the presence of their family members. By keeping this in mind, nurse should provide nursing intervention to Anne in presence of her family members. It is well proved that proper communication with family members is important for providing effective nursing intervention to children. Hence, nurse should ascertain proper communication with family members because it is difficult for Anne to understand health related issues. Communication with family members would be helpful in improving knowledge of family members about the treatment to be provided to Anne. By virtue of this, nurse can incorporate them in decision making and care of Anne at home. Hospitalization can be effectively reduced with implementation of family centered care. Family centered care give satisfaction to Anne and her family members (Shaul, 2014; Watson and Rodwell, 2014). Family centered care would strengthen relation between nurse and Annes family members. By virtue of this nurse can win confidence of her family members. Family centered care would be helpful in treating Anne and relieving stress on her family members. Hospitalization: Hospitalization is the significant part of children care. However, long duration hospitalizations of children can negatively affects children both physically and mentally. Anne may feel separated and rejected from the family members and peers due to hospitalization. Anne may feel anxious due to fear of pain during hospitalization. Nurse should give her assurance that hospitalization is for her wellbeing. Also, nurse should assure her that they will discharge her immediately after her improvement (Thurston, 2014). It reflects, nurse should give psychological counseling to Anne and promote her for hospitalization. Nurse should brief her about medical procedure so that she would be relieved from the stress. Nurse should ask her family members to counsel her for hospital admission. Nurse should give flexibility to her family members to stay with her in hospital and nurse should give permission to her peers to meet her. By virtue of this she would not feel isolated from her family members. This would help to stay happily in the hospital. Literature also mentioned that, children with high morale respond treatment succefully than children with low morale. Nurse should give her assurance that, society is going to help her in improving her condition. Nurse should provide counseling to family members of Anne about financial issues due to hospitalization. Nurse should maintain confidentiality of Annes hospitalization. Nurse should provide suitable environment foe Anne in the hospital based on her medical history, behavioural history, cultural background and socioeconomic status (Tehrani et al., 2012; B rykczynska and Simons, 2011). This type of dignity provision to Anne and her family would encourage them for hospitalization. Nurse should consider these factors for hospitalization of Anne. Conclusion: Appendictis is the inflammatory and infectious condition which specifically affects appendix. Constipation and improper food are the triggering factors for appendicitis. Disease condition worsens due to infection and ischemia. In this case Anne is diagnosed with appendicitis. Nurse should implement growth and development theories for holistic care of Anne. Nurse should consider age of Anne while providing nursing intervention to her. This age consideration is important because in this age there are chances of certain physiological and psychological changes in the children. Multiple factors are involved in the care of Anne. Hence, nurse should implement family centered care to Anne. Nurse should consider multiple factors during hospitalization of Anne. Consideration of all these factors would definitely be helpful in implementing holistic care to Anne. References: Adler-Tapia, R. (2012). Child Psychotherapy: Integrating Developmental Theory into Clinical Practice. Springer Publishing Company. Barnsteiner, J., Disch, J., and Walton, M. (2014). Person and Family Centered Care. Sigma Theta Tau. Berk, L. E. (2009). Child Development. 8th ed. United States of America. Pearson Education, Inc. Brogden, T.G., and Streets, C.G. (2013). The management of acute appendicitis. Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service. 99(3), 106-10. Brykczynska, G.M., and Simons, J. (2011). Ethical and Philosophical Aspects of Nursing Children and Young People. John Wiley Sons. Chalmers, B. (2017). Family-Centred Perinatal Care. Cambridge University Press. Feldman, M., Friedman, L. S., and Brandt, L. J. (2010). Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hahn, F., Coricelli, F., and Di Matteo, M. (2016). New Theories in Growth and Development. Springer. Law, M. (2012). Family-Centred Assessment and Intervention in Pediatric Rehabilitation. Routledge. Leifer, G. Fleck, E. (2013). Growth and Development Across the Lifespan: A Health Promotion Focus. Elsevier Health Sciences. Loeffler, A.G. (2014). Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Lowry-Lehnen, T. (2015). Theories of Human Growth and Development: Developmental Psychology. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform. Shaul, R. Z. (2014). Paediatric Patient and Family-Centred Care: Ethical and Legal Issues. Springer Science Business. Story, L. (2011). Pathophysiology. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Tehrani, T. H., Haghighi, M., and Bazmamoun, H. (2012). Effects of Stress on Mothers of Hospitalized Children in a Hospital in Iran. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 6(4), 3945. Thurston, C. (2014). Essential Nursing Care for Children and Young People: heory, Policy and Practice. Routledge. Watson, G. and Rodwell, S. (2014). Safeguarding and Protecting Children, Young People and Families: A Guide for Nurses and Midwives. SAGE. White, F., Hayes, B., and Livesey, D. (2005). Developmental Psychology: From Infancy to Adulthood. NSW. Pearson Education Australia.